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Difference Between Anti-Static, Dissipative, Conductive, and Insulative? 防静电、耗散、导电和绝缘有什么区别? 防靜電、耗散、導電和絕緣有什麼區別?

What is the Difference Between Anti-Static, Dissipative, Conductive, and Insulative?
防静电、耗散、导电和绝缘有什么区别?
防靜電、耗散、導電和絕緣有什麼區別?

Static Electricity / 静电 / 靜電

As the name implies, static electricity is electricity at rest. The electrical charge is the transference of electrons that occurs when there is sliding, rubbing, or separating of a material, which is a generator of electrostatic voltages. For example: plastics, fiber glass, rubber, textiles, ect. Under the right conditions, this induced charge can reach 30,000 to 40,000 volts.

When this happens to an insulating material, like plastic, the charge tends to remain in the localized area of contact. This electrostatic voltage may then discharge via an arc or spark when the plastic material comes in contact with a body at a sufficiently different potential, such as a person or microcircuit.

If Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) occurs to a person, the results may range anywhere from a mild to a painful shock. Extreme cases of ESD, or Arc Flash, can even result in loss of life. These types of sparks are especially dangerous in environments that may contain flammable liquids, solids or gasses, such as a hospital operating room or explosive device assembly.

Some micro-electronic parts can be destroyed or damaged by ESD as low as 20 volts. Since people are prime causes of ESD, they often cause damage to sensitive electronic parts, especially during manufacturing and assembly. The consequences of discharge through an electrical component sensitive to ESD can range from erroneous readings to permanent damage resulting in excessive equipment downtime and costly repair or total part replacement.


顾名思义,静电就是静止的电力。电荷是材料在滑动、摩擦或分离时发生的电子转移,是静电电压的产生器。例如:塑胶、玻璃纤维、橡胶、纺织品等。在适当的条件下,这种感应电荷可以达到 30,000 到 40,000 伏特。

当这种情况发生在塑胶等绝缘材料上时,电荷往往会留在局部接触区域。当塑胶材料与具有足够不同电位的物体(例如人或微电路)接触时,此静电电压可能会透过电弧或火花放电。

如果人体发生静电放电 (ESD),其后果可能是轻微的电击,甚至是痛苦的电击。极端的 ESD 或电弧闪光情况甚至可能导致生命损失。这些类型的火花在可能含有易燃液体、固体或气体的环境中尤其危险,例如医院手术室或爆炸装置组件。

一些微电子零件可能会因低至 20 伏特的 ESD 而遭到破坏或损坏。由于人为因素是造成 ESD 的主要原因,因此人为因素经常会对敏感电子零件造成损坏,尤其是在制造和组装过程中。透过对 ESD 敏感的电气元件放电的后果包括错误读数甚至永久性损坏,从而导致过多的设备停机时间和昂贵的维修或全部零件更换。


顧名思義,靜電就是靜止的電力。電荷是材料在滑動、摩擦或分離時發生的電子轉移,是靜電電壓的產生器。例如:塑膠、玻璃纖維、橡膠、紡織品等。在適當的條件下,這種感應電荷可以達到 30,000 到 40,000 伏特。

當這種情況發生在塑膠等絕緣材料上時,電荷往往會留在局部接觸區域。當塑膠材料與具有足夠不同電位的物體(例如人或微電路)接觸時,此靜電電壓可能會透過電弧或火花放電。

如果人體發生靜電放電 (ESD),其後果可能是輕微的電擊,甚至是痛苦的電擊。極端的 ESD 或電弧閃光情況甚至可能導致生命損失。這些類型的火花在可能含有易燃液體、固體或氣體的環境中尤其危險,例如醫院手術室或爆炸裝置組件。

一些微電子零件可能會因低至 20 伏特的 ESD 而遭到破壞或損壞。由於人為因素是造成 ESD 的主要原因,因此人為因素經常會對敏感電子零件造成損壞,尤其是在製造和組裝過程中。透過對 ESD 敏感的電氣元件放電的後果包括錯誤讀數甚至永久性損壞,從而導致過多的設備停機時間和昂貴的維修或全部零件更換。

 
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) / 静电放电 / 靜電放電
The sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. A buildup of static electricity can be caused by tribocharging or by electrostatic induction.

由于接触、短路或介电击穿而导致两个带电物体之间突然出现电流。静电的积聚可能是由于摩擦起电或静电感应所引起的

由於接觸、短路或介電擊穿而導致兩個帶電物體之間突然出現電流。靜電的積聚可能是由於摩擦起電或靜電感應所引起的。
 
Anti-Static / 防静电 / 防靜電
Preventing the buildup of static electricity. Reducing static electric charges, as on textiles, waxes, polishes, etc., by retaining enough moisture to provide electrical conduction.

防止静电积聚。透过保留足够的水分来提供电传导,减少纺织品、蜡、抛光剂等上的静电荷。

防止靜電積聚。透過保留足夠的水分來提供電傳導,減少紡織品、蠟、拋光劑等上的靜電荷。
 
Dissipative / 耗散 / 耗散
The charges flow to ground more slowly and in a somewhat more controlled manner than with conductive materials. Dissipative materials have a surface resistivity equal to or greater than 1 x 105 Ω/sq but less than 1 x 1012 Ω/sq or a volume resistivity equal to or greater than 1 x 104 Ω-cm but less than 1 x 1011 Ω-cm.

与导电材料相比,电荷流向地面的速度较慢,而且方式也较受控制。耗散材料的表面电阻率等于或大于 1 x 10 5 Ω/sq 但小于 1 x 10 12 Ω/sq,或体积电阻率等于或大于 1 x 10 4 Ω-cm 但小于 1 x 10 11 Ω-cm。

與導電材料相比,電荷流向地面的速度較慢,而且方式也較受控制。耗散材料的表面電阻率等於或大於 1 x 10 5 Ω/sq 但小於 1 x 10 12 Ω/sq,或體積電阻率等於或大於 1 x 10 4 Ω-cm 但小於 1 x 10 11 Ω-cm。
 
Conductive / 导电 / 導電
With a low electrical resistance, electrons flow easily across the surface or through the bulk of these materials. Charges go to ground or to another conductive object that the material contacts or comes close to. Conductive materials have a surface resistivity less than 1 x 105 Ω/sq or a volume resistivity less than 1 x 104 Ω-cm.

由于电阻较低,电子很容易流过这些材料的表面或内部。电荷流向地面或材料接触或接近的另一个导电物体。导电材料的表面电阻率小于 1 x 10 5 Ω/sq 或体积电阻率小于 1 x 10 4 Ω-cm。

由於電阻較低,電子很容易流過這些材料的表面或內部。電荷流向地面或材料接觸或接近的另一個導電物體。導電材料的表面電阻率小於 1 x 10 5 Ω/sq 或體積電阻率小於 1 x 10 4 Ω-cm。
 
Insulative / 绝缘 / 絕緣
Insulative materials prevent or limit the flow of electrons across their surface or through their volume. Insulative materials have a high electrical resistance and are difficult to ground. Static charges remain in place on these materials for a very long time. Insulative materials are defined as those having a surface resistivity of at least 1 x 1012 Ω/sq or a volume resistivity of at least 1 x 1011 Ω-cm.

绝缘材料可阻止或限制电子流过其表面或体积。绝缘材料电阻较高,难以接地。静电荷在这些材料上会停留很久。绝缘材料定义为表面电阻率至少为 1 x 10 12 Ω/sq 或体积电阻率至少为 1 x 10 11 Ω-cm 的材料。

絕緣材料可阻止或限制電子流過其表面或體積。絕緣材料電阻較高,難以接地。靜電荷在這些材料上會停留很久。絕緣材料定義為表面電阻率至少為 1 x 10 12 Ω/sq 或體積電阻率至少為 1 x 10 11 Ω-cm 的材料。

 

ESD Materials Categories
ESD 材料类别
ESD 材料類別

Materials for protection and prevention of electrostatic discharge can be categorized into three distinct groups - separated by their ranges of conductivity to electrical charges.

用于保护和防止静电放电的材料可分为三类 - 根据其对电荷的导电范围进行分类。

用於保護和防止靜電放電的材料可分為三類 - 根據其對電荷的導電範圍進行分類。
#ESD Materials Categories #ESD材料类别 #ESD材料類別

Anti-Static / 防静电 / 防靜電
Resistivity generally between 1010 and 1012 ohms per square. Initial electrostatic charges are suppressed. May be surface resistive, surface-coated or filled throughout.

电阻率一般在每平方10 10至10 12欧姆之间。初始静电荷受到抑制。可能是表面电阻、表面涂层或整体填充。

電阻率一般在每平方10 10至10 12歐姆之間。初始靜電荷受到抑制。可能是表面電阻、表面塗層或整體填充。
 
Static Dissipative / 静电耗散 / 靜電耗散
Resistivity generally between 106 and 109 ohms per square. Low or no initial charges prevent discharge to from human contact. May be either surface-coated or filled throughout.

电阻率一般在每平方106至109欧姆之间。初始电荷低或无初始电荷可防止人体接触而放电。可以进行表面涂层或整体填充。

電阻率一般在每平方106至109歐姆之間。初始電荷低或無初始電荷可防止人體接觸而放電。可以進行表面塗層或整體填充。
 
Conductive / 导电 / 導電
Resistivity generally between 103 and 105 ohms per square. No initial charges, provides path for charge to bleed off. Usually carbon-particle or carbon-fiber filled throughout.

电阻率一般在每平方10 3至10 5欧姆之间。无初始电荷,提供电荷释放的路径。通常整个过程中都会填充碳颗粒或碳纤维。

電阻率一般在每平方10 3至10 5歐姆之間。無初始電荷,提供電荷釋放的路徑。通常整個過程中都會填充碳顆粒或碳纖維。

 

Resistivity Test Methods
电阻率测试方法
電阻率測試方法
Surface Resistivity / 表面电阻率 / 表面電阻率

#Surface Resistivity #表面电阻率 #表面電阻率
For thermoplastic materials intended to dissipate electrostatic charges, surface resistivity is the most common measurement of a material's ability to do so.
A widely accepted surface resistivity test method is ASTM D257. It consists of measuring the resistance (via an ohm meter) between two electrodes applied under load to the surface being tested. Electrodes are used rather than point probes because of the heterogeneous makeup of compounded thermoplastics. Simply touching the surface with a point contact may not give readings consistent with the overall part (readings of this type are often insulative even when the part is actually conductive).
It is also important to maintain good contact between the sample and electrodes, which can require considerable pressure. The resistance reading is then converted to resistivity to account for the dimensions of the electrodes which can vary depending on the size and shape of the test samples. Surface resistivity is equal to resistance times the perimeter of the electrodes divided by the gap distance, yielding ohms/square.

对于用于消散静电荷的热塑性材料,表面电阻率是衡量材料消散静电荷能力的最常见标准。
一种广泛接受的表面电阻率测试方法是 ASTM D257。它包括测量施加在被测表面上的两个电极之间的电阻(透过欧姆表)。由于复合热塑性塑胶的成分不均匀,因此使用电极而不是点探针。简单地用点接触表面可能无法给出与整体部件一致的读数(即使该部件实际上是导电的,这种类型的读数通常是绝缘的)。
保持样品和电极之间的良好接触也很重要,这可能需要相当大的压力。然后将电阻读数转换为电阻率,以考虑电极的尺寸,该尺寸可能会根据测试样品的尺寸和形状而变化。表面电阻率等于电阻乘以电极周长除以间隙距离,得到欧姆/平方。

對於用於消散靜電荷的熱塑性材料,表面電阻率是衡量材料消散靜電荷能力的最常見標準。
一種廣泛接受的表面電阻率測試方法是 ASTM D257。它包括測量施加在被測表面上的兩個電極之間的電阻(透過歐姆表)。由於複合熱塑性塑膠的成分不均勻,因此使用電極而不是點探針。簡單地用點接觸表面可能無法給出與整體部件一致的讀數(即使該部件實際上是導電的,這種類型的讀數通常是絕緣的)。
保持樣品和電極之間的良好接觸也很重要,這可能需要相當大的壓力。然後將電阻讀數轉換為電阻率,以考慮電極的尺寸,該尺寸可能會根據測試樣品的尺寸和形狀而變化。表面電阻率等於電阻乘以電極週長除以間隙距離,得到歐姆/平方。

 
Volume Resistivity / 体积电阻率 / 體積電阻率

#Volume Resistivity #体积电阻率 #體積電阻率
Volume resistivity is useful for evaluating the relative dispersion of a conductive additive throughout the polymer matrix. It can roughly be related to EMI/RFI shielding effectiveness in certain conductive fillers.
Volume resistivity is tested in a similar fashion to surface resistivity, however electrodes are placed on opposite faces of a test sample. ASTM D257 also refers to volume resistivity, and a conversion factor again based on electrode dimensions and part thickness is used to obtain the resistivity value from a resistance reading. [Volume resistivity is equal to resistance times the surface area (cm2) divided by the thickness of the part (cm) yielding ohm-cm.

体积电阻率可用于评估导电添加剂在整个聚合物基质中的相对分散性。它大致与某些导电填料中的 EMI/RFI 屏蔽效能有关。
体积电阻率的测试方式与表面电阻率的测试方式类似,但电极放置在测试样品的相对面。 ASTM D257 也指体积电阻率,并且再次使用基于电极尺寸和零件厚度的转换系数从电阻读数中获取电阻率值。 [体积电阻率等于电阻乘以表面积(cm2 )除以零件厚度(cm),所得的单位是欧姆-公分。

體積電阻率可用於評估導電添加劑在整個聚合物基質中的相對分散性。它大致與某些導電填料中的 EMI/RFI 屏蔽效能有關。
體積電阻率的測試方式與表面電阻率的測試方式類似,但電極放置在測試樣品的相對面。 ASTM D257 也指體積電阻率,並且再次使用基於電極尺寸和零件厚度的轉換係數從電阻讀數中獲取電阻率值。 [體積電阻率等於電阻乘以表面積(cm2 )除以零件厚度(cm),所得的單位是歐姆-公分。

 

ESD Materials Categories
ESD 材料类别
ESD 材料類別
#ESD Susceptibility #ESD敏感度 #ESD敏感度 ESD Susceptibility
ESD敏感度
ESD敏感度

The ESD susceptibility symbol incorporates a reaching hand in a triangle with a slash through it and is used to indicate that an electrical or electronic device or assembly is susceptible to damage from an ESD event. Used to identify ESDS [ESD sensitive items] and that personnel should be grounding when unpackaging or handling that item. It is also referred to as the ESD sensitivity symbol or ESD warning symbol.
The symbol is a reaching hand with defined fingers and fingernail, in a contrasting triangle with a slash in front of the hand.

ESD 敏感性符号由一只伸出的手放在一个带有斜线的三角形中组成,用于指示电气或电子设备或组件容易受到 ESD 事件的损坏。用于识别 ESDS [ESD 敏感物品],人员在拆包或处理该物品时应接地。它也被称为 ESD 敏感度符号或 ESD 警告符号。
符号是一只伸出的手,手指和指甲清晰,呈对比三角形,手前有一条斜线。

ESD 敏感性符號由一隻伸出的手放在一個帶有斜線的三角形中組成,用於指示電氣或電子設備或組件容易受到 ESD 事件的損壞。用於識別 ESDS [ESD 敏感物品],人員在拆包或處理該物品時應接地。它也被稱為 ESD 敏感度符號或 ESD 警告符號。
符號是一隻伸出的手,手指和指甲清晰,呈對比三角形,手前有一條斜線。

 
#ESD Susceptibility #ESD防护 #ESD防護 ESD Susceptibility
ESD防护
ESD防護

The ESD protective symbol differs from the ESD susceptibility symbol, by the addition of an arc around the outside of the triangle and the omission of the slash across the hand and the triangle.
The ESD protective symbol should be used to identify items that are specifically designed to provide ESD protection for ESDS items. Examples of these are packaging, ESD protective clothing and personnel grounding equipment. The ESD protective symbol should also be used on items designed to replace static generative materials. Examples of these items are ESD protective work station equipment, trash can liners, and chairs. The item is to be ESD protective or non-static generative by design.

ESD 保护符号与 ESD 敏感度符号不同,它在三角形外围增加了一个圆弧,并且省略了跨手和三角形的斜线。
应使用 ESD 保护符号来识别专门设计用于为 ESDS 物品提供 ESD 保护的物品。例如包装、防静电防护衣和人员接地设备。用于替代静电产生材料的物品上也应使用 ESD 保护符号。这些物品的例子有 ESD 防护工作站设备、垃圾桶衬垫和椅子。该物品在设计上应具有 ESD 保护功能或非静电产生功能。

ESD 保護符號與 ESD 敏感度符號不同,它在三角形外圍增加了一個圓弧,並且省略了跨手和三角形的斜線。
應使用 ESD 保護符號來識別專門設計用於為 ESDS 物品提供 ESD 保護的物品。例如包裝、防靜電防護衣和人員接地設備。用於替代靜電產生材料的物品上也應使用 ESD 保護符號。這些物品的例子有 ESD 防護工作站設備、垃圾桶襯墊和椅子。該物品在設計上應具有 ESD 保護功能或非靜電產生功能。

 
#ESD Common Point Ground #ESD公共点接地 #ESD公共點接地 ESD Common Point Ground
ESD 公共点接地
ESD 公共點接地

This symbol is established to indicate an ESD common point ground, which is defined by ANSI/ESD-S6.1 as "a grounded device where two or more conductors are bonded."
This symbol consists of a bold outer circle inside of which are the words, ESD COMMON POINT GROUND, in bold type. Inside that are two thick contrasting circles and one thick circle that may fill the center or extend to the center where a snap, plug or other fastener may be connected.

此符号用于指示 ESD 公共点接地,ANSI/ESD-S6.1 将其定义为「两个或多个导体连接在一起的接地设备」。
此符号由一个粗体外圈组成,圆圈内以粗体显示「ESD COMMON POINT GROUND」字样。里面有两个对比鲜明的粗圆圈和一个可以填充中心或延伸到中心的粗圆圈,可以连接按扣、插头或其他紧固件。

此符號用於指示 ESD 公共點接地,ANSI/ESD-S6.1 將其定義為「兩個或多個導體連接在一起的接地設備」。
此符號由一個粗體外圈組成,圓圈內以粗體顯示「ESD COMMON POINT GROUND」字樣。裡面有兩個對比鮮明的粗圓圈和一個可以填充中心或延伸到中心的粗圓圈,可以連接按扣、插頭或其他緊固件。

If you need more information, please contact with us

E-mails: rfqmpk@gmail.com;barret-chen@memorypack.com.tw;sales01@memorypack.com.tw;superpolu@gmail.com;

Websites:
https://www.memorypack.com.tw
https://www.cputray.com
https://www.sfptray.com
https://www.facebook.com/Memorypack
https://www.shinly.com.tw

 

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#防静电耗散导电和绝缘有什么区别
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